Household budgets feel the pinch as food prices jump in May 2025

The May 2025 Pietermaritzburg Economic Justice & Dignity's Household Affordability Index reports a notable increase in the average cost of basic food items.

Tracking prices of 44 food staples across 47 supermarkets and 32 butcheries in several cities, the Index reveals that the average Household Food Basket now costs R5,466.59, marking a R46.29 (0.9%) jump from April 2025 and a R136.29 (2.6%) rise from May 2024.

Food inflation continues to be a critical concern as the Index indicates that of the 44 foods monitored, a staggering 33 items saw a price increase in May.

Price escalations were particularly pronounced among essential staples, with onions surging by 23%, butternut rising by 9%, and carrots increasing by 8%. In contrast, only 11 foods registered a decrease in price, with rice witnessing a reduction of 5% and tomatoes dropping by 9%.

The trend of rising food prices varies across different regions of South Africa. The Johannesburg food basket increased by R51.00 (0.9%) month-on-month, reaching R5,610.46. Meanwhile, Cape Town experienced the sharpest increase, with prices soaring by R112.62 (2.1%) from April to May. In stark contrast, the Springbok region saw a small decline of R28.90 (-0.5%) month-on-month, although its food prices remain 5.4% higher year-on-year.

Statistics South Africa reveals that headline inflation for April 2025 stood at 2.8%, while food inflation reached a higher 3.3%. For households relying on the National Minimum Wage, which stands at R4,836.72 monthly, the financial struggle is becoming increasingly palpable. With the average cost for a basic nutritional food basket for a family of four estimated at R3,843.40, workers face a dire situation where essentials consume a majority of their income.

The findings from this Month's Index further elucidate this concern. With transport and electricity alone taking up 56.3% of a worker's wage, families are left with only R2,113.75 to allocate for all remaining expenses, including food. Even allocating this amount entirely to food would provide a mere R528.44 per person per month—falling short of the food poverty line of R796.

The implications for children are particularly troubling. The average cost to provide a child with a basic nutritious diet is now R979.66, while the Child Support Grant of R560 is significantly below the food poverty line, rendering it inadequate for meeting basic nutritional needs. The escalating costs emphasize the urgent need for policy responses to address food insecurity and support the most vulnerable sectors of society.

Additionally, while the overall cost of household domestic and personal hygiene products saw a slight decrease of R3.58 (-0.3%) in May, the year-on-year increase underscores that these essential products continue to strain household budgets, further intensifying the financial burden on families.

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