Soothe your baby's cries: the science and secrets every parent should know

Every parent knows the feeling: the desperation that comes with a fussy baby. Those intense cries can turn a peaceful afternoon into a stressful ordeal, leaving parents feeling helpless and exhausted.

However, understanding the science behind a baby's fussiness and employing evidence-based strategies can help soothe both the child and the worried parent, bringing peace back to the home.

Why do babies get fussy?

Fussiness in infants can stem from various reasons, including hunger, discomfort, tiredness, or a need for attention.

According to recent pediatric research, it's normal for newborns to cry around two hours a day, reaching a peak of fussiness at approximately six weeks of age before tapering off.

Sr Londe, a midwife from Vital Baby, emphasises that while soothing a fussy baby can be challenging, understanding the underlying science can provide parents with an essential toolkit for comfort.

Common causes of fussiness

• Hunger: Babies have small stomachs and require frequent feeding. If a baby is fussy, checking for hunger is a good first step.
• Discomfort: Factors such as diaper rash, tight clothing, or temperature extremes can lead to fussiness. Parents should ensure their baby is comfortable at all times.
• Tiredness: Signs of overtiredness often present as fussiness. Parents should watch for cues like eye rubbing or yawning.
• Gas or colic: Digestive distress can cause discomfort and crying. If a baby appears to be in notable pain, consulting a paediatrician may be necessary.

Soothing techniques for when your little one is fussy

In times of distress, several effective soothing techniques can help calm a fussy baby:

• Sucking for comfort: The natural sucking reflex isn't just for feeding; it also aids in self-soothing. Research indicates that sucking can significantly reduce crying episodes and promote relaxation. Offering a pacifier or breast may provide immediate solace.
• Skin-to-skin contact: Also known as kangaroo care, this practice has numerous benefits, including stabilising heart rate and temperature, reducing stress, and fostering bonding. Holding your baby close can be calming for both parent and child.
• White noise and gentle sounds: Many babies find comfort in white noise, which mimics the sounds they experienced in the womb. Whether through a white noise machine, a fan, or a smartphone app, creating a soothing audio environment can provide relief.
• Rocking and motion: Gentle swaying and rocking can soothe an unsettled baby. A recent study published in Current Biology revealed that babies calmed faster when rocked compared to being stationary, making this a powerful technique in calming sessions.
• Create a calm environment: Dim lighting, soft music, and a quiet atmosphere greatly influence a baby’s mood. Establishing a calming bedtime routine can also signal to a baby that it’s time for rest.
• Warm baths: A warm bath offers a comforting and relaxing experience for fussy babies. The heat can ease discomfort, especially in cases of gas or colic; however, always test the water to ensure it is safe.

While fussiness is a common part of infancy, there are times when it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional. 

If your baby is crying excessively and seems inconsolable, or if you notice signs of illness (like fever or vomiting), it’s important to seek medical advice.