Gestational diabetes stems primarily from hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy that reduce the body’s sensitivity to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.
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Pregnancy is a magical time, filled with excitement and anticipation. But it also comes with its own set of challenges, and one of these is gestational diabetes (GD).
If you’re pregnant or planning to have a baby, you’ve probably heard about it. While the term might sound scary, the aim is not to scare you but to educate and empower you, not to alarm you.
What is gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes, sometimes called maternal diabetes, is a condition where blood sugar levels become elevated during pregnancy. It typically develops in the second or third trimester and usually resolves after birth.
However, it can have short and long-term health implications for both mother and baby.
Globally, gestational diabetes affects about 17% of pregnancies, according to 2021 statistics. In South Africa, the number is rising due to increasing rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles.
With the country already grappling with high diabetes rates, pregnant women need to be aware of the risks and how to manage them.
Unpacking the risks
Insightful research published in the journal The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology highlights the emerging risks associated with gestational diabetes, particularly concerning developing neurodevelopmental disorders in children. A meta-analysis revealed worrisome statistics:
For moms with pregestational diabetes (diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy), the risks were even higher, 39% more likely to have children with neurodevelopmental disorders compared to those with GD.
A balanced diet loaded with whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables is essential
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Dr Jonathan Faro, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist, commented on the study in "Medical News Today".
He said this was a meta-analysis (a study that combines data from multiple studies).
While it shows patterns, it doesn’t prove cause and effect. Continuing, he said, pregnancy is a critical time for fetal brain development, and metabolic disturbances like high blood sugar can potentially interfere with this process.
However, there’s no need to jump to conclusions, as further research is needed to fully understand these relationships.
Why does gestational diabetes happen?
During pregnancy, your body undergoes hormonal changes that can make your cells less sensitive to insulin, an important hormone that regulates blood sugar.
For some women, the pancreas can’t keep up with the increased demand, leading to higher blood sugar levels. You’re more likely to develop GD if you:
What does this mean for moms and babies?
While the risks associated with gestational diabetes are real, it’s not all doom and gloom.
The key is early detection and management. If GD is well-controlled, the chances of complications can be significantly reduced. For moms, uncontrolled GD can lead to:
For babies, potential complications include:
Managing pregnancy diabetes
1. Healthy eating: Focus on a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Avoid sugary drinks and processed foods. In South Africa, traditional staples like pap and bread can be high in carbs, so watch your portion sizes.
2. Stay active: Regular physical activity, like walking or swimming, can help keep your blood sugar levels in check. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
3. Monitor your blood sugar: Your healthcare provider will guide you in monitoring your glucose levels at home. Keeping track of your numbers can help you make necessary adjustments to your diet and lifestyle.
4. Work with your healthcare team: Regular check-ups with your doctor, midwife, or a high-risk pregnancy specialist are essential. If needed, they may prescribe insulin or other medications to help control your blood sugar.
Local initiatives like MomConnect, a free SMS service for pregnant women, provide vital health information and reminders. Don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare provider about resources available in your area.
Gestational diabetes is not something you can control entirely, but understanding your risk factors and taking steps to manage your health can make a big difference. Pregnancy is a journey, and every mom’s experience is unique.
