SOUTH Africa stands at a critical juncture, grappling with the highest youth unemployment rates in over a decade. With a reported 50% of the nation’s workforce aged 15 to 24 unemployed, there is a pressing need for actionable solutions that can reverse this disheartening trend.

The Afrobarometer’s latest report underscores that the South African government’s National Youth Policy 2015-2020 (NYP) must be aggressively implemented to not only address unemployment but also to empower young people for a sustainable future.

According to the Afrobarometer survey, nearly half of young South Africans had repeatedly identified unemployment as “the most important problem facing the country” since 2000. In 2011 alone, “48% of young citizens” cited unemployment as their top concern — a sentiment that has only intensified in recent years. This growing alarm was echoed in the NYP, which highlighted the worrisome fact that about half of South Africa’s unemployed workers are youth, aged 15-24 years.

Despite efforts to improve education access, the statistics remain bleak. A mere “11% of young respondents” had post-secondary education in 2011, emphasising the urgent need for enhanced vocational training and educational resources.

“Investment in education and vocational training is crucial,” said Ayanda Nyoka, one of the researchers involved in the report. “It’s not merely about access but about preparing young people for the demands of the labour market.” The NYP emphasised this notion and called for the government and private sectors to collaborate in creating programmes that not only would educate but also provide real job opportunities.

One solution lies in aligning vocational training with market needs, a gap that has persisted historically. “Much of the youth is being churned out of educational institutions without the skills required by today’s economy,” said Rorisang Lekalake, co-author of the report.

Recent data highlighted that the government’s financial aid for needy students had risen from R40 million in 1995 to nearly R13 billion in 2010, yet enrolment in further education and training (FET) colleges still fell short of targets.

The report underscored the importance of access to vocational training as a pathway to employment. “Vocational training is an untapped resource for increasing employment and growing the economy,” Nyoka said. Given the high proportion of young people who fail to complete secondary education, investing in vocational training could be a potential game-changer.

The report suggested that addressing under-resourced schools and enhancing teacher training needed to take precedence. “The South African education system must ensure that teachers are adequately trained and supported,” Lekalake asserted. “Without adequately skilled educators, we cannot expect to uplift the next generation.”

South Africa’s youth deserve better than dilapidated classrooms and poorly educated instructors; they need the tools to become productive citizens.

As the report further emphasised, approval ratings of government performance on job creation had been low, with a mere “25% of young respondents” expressing approval of the government’s efforts in 2011. This calls for urgent dialogue and collaboration between stakeholders within education, government, and the private sector. “We need to innovate and create opportunities,” Lekalake said, “but we also need accountability in how these initiatives are monitored and executed.”

The intensity of the youth unemployment crisis demands not just recognition but a comprehensive response that includes elevating educational quality, expanding vocational training, and delivering tangible employment opportunities.

The potential of South Africa's youth is vast, yet without collaborative, committed solutions, this demographic dividend may instead turn into a national burden. The time for action is now, before a generation of potential contributors becomes irrevocably lost.

national youth policy

Urgent solutions needed for South Africa's youth unemployment